Stone façades and cladding are prized for their longevity and aesthetic impact, but their long-term performance depends on careful selection, detailing, and testing. Two critical but sometimes overlooked evaluations are surface finish testing—which determines how a stone surface behaves under use and exposure—and comprehensive façade and clad

Stone has been a fundamental building material for centuries, shaping everything from historic monuments to modern architectural landmarks. While its durability and beauty make it an enduring choice, natural stone is also vulnerable to environmental conditions that can weaken it over time. Among the most destructive issues affecting masonry and her

Natural stone has been an integral part of architecture for centuries, admired for its strength, beauty, and longevity. From monumental heritage buildings to modern architectural masterpieces, stone continues to be used in facades, flooring, cladding, landscaping, and interior design. However, the durability and performance of stone are not guarant

Preserving heritage stone buildings requires more than careful restoration; it demands a thorough understanding of how materials interact with environmental conditions over time. Moisture is one of the primary factors contributing to stone deterioration, as it can lead to cracking, salt crystallisation, biological growth, and structural weakening.

Restoring heritage buildings is a delicate process that requires a deep understanding of original construction materials and methods. These structures, often centuries old, must be preserved with great accuracy and care to retain their historical value while ensuring structural integrity. This is where scientific analysis tools such as petrography